Concepts

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Abstraction is a process of generalization in which similarities are kept and differences are ignored.

An access modifier is a piece of code used to specify the access permissions of a name.

Allocation means reserving memory space to hold some data.

An argument is a value passed to a function.

An array is a numerically indexed collection of elements holding values.

To assign means to store a value in a variable.

Associativity determines how operators of the same precedence in expressions are grouped.

A Boolean value is a truth value and can be used as a condition.

A call is the invocation of a function or method.

A class is a blueprint for objects and defines a type with fields and methods.

To compose two functions means to call one on the result of the other.

In a conditional statement or expression the value of a condition determines which alternative pieces of code to execute.

A constructor is a function that initializes a newly allocated object.

The control flow is the path of execution through a program.

Equality determines whether two expressions have equivalent values.

To evaluate means to compute the value of an expression.

The representation of an unexpected situation that affects control flow.

An expression is a piece of source code that produces a value at runtime.

A field is a variable that is a member of a class and may be part of an object.

A function produces a return value from a list of argument values.

Garbage collection is the automatic deallocation of unreachable heap objects.

The implementation of a function is the code that realizes its behavior, distinct from its interface.

Inheritance is a way to define a class by reusing the definition of another class.

The input of a program is information it reads from its environment.

The lifetime of a variable, array, or object is the duration from its allocation to its deallocation.

A value that is written itself in the source code.

A loop is a compound statement that repeats the statements in its body zero or more times.

A member of a class can be a method or a field.

A method is a function that is a member of a class and may operate on an object.

Mutable means that a memory location can be reassigned new values.

Names are used to denote constructs such as variables, classes, types, and members.

The value null is a reference that does not refer to anything.

A number is a value of a numerical type.

An object is an instance of a class stored in a set of memory locations.

An operator is a symbol or keyword in source code that represents a built-in function.

The output of a program is information it writes to its environment.

A variable holding an argument received by a function.

Polymorphism means that an expression can produce values of more than one type.

Precedence determines how operators in expressions are grouped.

A primitive value is of a scalar or built-in type and may completely fit into a single memory location.

A prototype is an object that serves as an exemplar for new objects.

A self-referential data structure or computation.

A reference value points to a sequence of memory locations that may contain an object or array.

Repetition means multiple occurrences of the same data or multiple executions of the same statements.

A return statement returns control from a function or method back to its caller.

The scope of a name is the region of source code in which the name can be used.

Self is a reference to the object on which the current method operates.

A sequence is an ordered collection of data or instructions.

A memory region containing the local variables and parameters of currently executing functions.

A command or instruction to be executed in an imperative program.

A static aspect of a program does not depend on program execution.

A string is a sequence of characters.

A value of a subtype can be substituted for a value of a supertype.

A term is a syntactic phrase representing a value.

A type is a set of values supporting a certain set of operations.

An undefined value represents the absence of a value.

A value is data and may be the result of evaluating an expression or the contents of a variable.

A variable is a named location that holds a value.